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Vacuum Heat Treating
Partial Pressure Vacuum Processing – Part II: Applications
This article is based on a presentation at the Furnaces North America ’96 Conference, held in Dearborn, MI, September 24-26, 1996 and sponsored by Industrial Heating. In part two, partial pressure vacuum processing cycles for different materials are reviewed. Information regarding the evaporation of base metals and reactive processing was presented in the September ’97 issue of Industrial Heating.
Partial Pressure Vacuum Processing – Part I
This article is based on a presentation at the Furnaces North America ’96 Conference, sponsored by Industrial Heating. In the first part of this two-part series on partial pressure processing, techniques for controlling evaporation of base materials and reactive processing are discussed. In Part II, actual applications for production operations will be presented with full process cycles and descriptions.
Vacuum Heat Treating for M2 High Speed and D2 Tool Steels
A series of large cross section D2 and M2 tool steels have been obtained and cross cut prior to heat treatment. Similar heat treating, time and temperatures, will be run in a salt bath furnace and a vacuum furnace. All parts will be tracked for process temperature via deep imbedded thermocouples. Data reported, including metallurgical results, for an independent laboratory.
Product Quality Improvement With Correct Moisture Measurement in Thermal Processes Using Electrolytic Hygrometers
Moisture analysis at different phases of the heat treat process is crucial as even trace amounts of oxygen and water vapor can lead to oxidation of the materials being processed. This paper explores why moisture reduction is critical and how to properly calibrate and operate an electrolytic hygrometer to monitor moisture in vacuum heat treating.
Assessing Work-Basket Alloys for Vacuum Furnaces
A commercial heat treating company draws on its experience and test results to determine which high-temperature alloys use for vacuum furnace baskets.
Operating Experience with a New Reactive Ion Plating Unit for TiN Coating
During 1986, a physical vapor deposition titanium nitride reactive ion plating unit, the first of its kind shipped to the U.S., was put in to operation. It was designed for electron beam evaporation of titanium, utilizing triode plasma configuration and hot filament ionization assist. This article outlines some start-up and learning problems, and describes present equipment, Vacuum Furnace Systems Corp. modifications, and helpful processing tips.
Vacuum-Another Atmosphere?
The third installment of our series on the practical aspects of vacuum heat treating explores the oxidizing and reducing aspects of vacuum and how the heat treater can cope with them.
High-Velocity Gas Flow Seen as Key to Rapid Quench
Both theoretical calculations and experience indicate that high-velocity gas flow resulting in gas turbulence within the furnace hot zone is the principal factor for rapid quenching. Therefore, a high-volume recirculating gas atmosphere is essential for providing high-cfm flow through the work zone while conserving gas.
Why Vacuum?
The third installment of our series on the practical aspects of vacuum heat treating explores the oxidizing and reducing aspects of vacuum and how the heat treater can cope with them.
